Taking The Law Into Our Hands and Two Paths to Womens...

During the Reconstruction era, supporters of women’s rights employed a legislative and organizational means in their battle for equal rights and suffrage. The successes and failures experienced by the 14th and 15th amendments helped shape the landscape of the American suffrage movement that culminated in the 19th amendment. The assigned readings addresses the legislative and organizational avenues that were actively utilized by advocates of women’s rights and suffrage, albeit in slightly different ways. The two readings align well with each other, each bringing an unique perspective of a significant historical phrase within the women’s rights movement in the United States. The first reading, â€Å"Taking the Law Into Our Hands: Bradwell,†¦show more content†¦Drawing upon the original Constitution, the Minors applied an elaborate interpretation to demonstrate the existence of women’s rights to vote as citizen. The main premises of the New Departure established federal sovereignity over state control, the power of federal government in defending individual and collective rights, the benefits enjoyed by all natural born citizens belonged to all, despite one’s sex, and the infringement of one of the most basic privileges of citizenship-voting. Essentially, Minors shifted the main responsibility of suffrage from the state level to the federal level, which brought women suffragists in droves undertaking militant action such as physically registering and voting at ballots. The Minors paved the way for legal agitation for women and on behalf of women. The cases were not always successful in the legal realm, evidenced by the Blackwell and Minor cases. The arguments involving what constitutes of a citizen and the considerations involving the privileges and rights of a citizen laid the formative groundwork for future activism that would eventually lead to the establishment of the 19th amendment. The second reading by Janet Zollinger Giele, Two Paths to Women’s Equality: Temperance, Suffrage and the Origins of Modern Feminism traces two significant forces behind the origins of modern feminism: the temperance movement and the suffrage movement. The first chapter considers the origins and rationale behind women’sShow MoreRelatedThe Wage Gap Is A Conflict Within The Work Force982 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a few laws that were put into effect due to women’s efforts to create fairness in the workplace. The first law, called the Equal Pay Act of 1963 signed into law by President John F. Kennedy, requires men and women in the same workplace be given equal pay for equal work (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). The Paycheck Fairness Act is a recent extension of the Equal Pay Act, it gives workers added protection to take action in the wage discrimination (National Women’s Law Center). 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Important Events During American Labor Union History

LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS MINI CASE IMPORTANT EVENTS IN AMERICAN LABOR UNION HISTORY WEBSTER UNIVERSITY SONI VESTAL Abstract In labor as in all things there is strength in numbers it is this strength that American labor unions provide. Labor unions provide a collective voice for those who had not previously been heard. As the professor in the â€Å"Frustrated Labor Historian† Dr. Horace P. Karastan is left with the dilemma what are the three most important events in American labor union history it would be difficult to choose with so many important moments. There are however several events that stand out as being turning points in giving employees unquestionable protections. The Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932 allowing employees the right to organize. Further the Wagner Act protecting employees from reprisal from employers for organizing spurring the growth of unionization. The Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 building on the Wagner Act as well as the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 which granted protections from the unions. It is these Acts that have changed the landscape of American labor union history and leav e us with the unions that we have today. IMPORTANT EVENTS IN AMERICAN LABOR UNION HISTORY In the mini case â€Å"The Frustrated Labor Historian† Dr. Horace P. Karastan was placed in a difficult position. There are many important events in American labor union history that it is difficult to choose just three that were to be the focal point of his presentation to the audience. ItShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Haymarket Bombing On American Labor Movement1186 Words   |  5 Pagesrecounted the American labor movement in the late 1800s. The main focus of Green’s book was the bombing of Haymarket, which occurred on May 4 in 1886. Beginning as a peaceful protest promoting the eight-hour work day, a bomb was thrown causing devastating consequences. 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The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka Essay Example For Students

The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka Essay The Metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka, portrays the life of Gregor Samsa after he has been transformed into a beetle like insect. Many changes occur throughout this story, mainly with Gregor, but with in his family as well. Gregor remained a static character in this story, although he physically changed, his attitude and feelings toward his family did not. While Gregor was adjusting to his transformation he remained a self-sacrificing person. He did not worry about his own well being, but constantly thought of how his family would survive without his help. Throughout the story, many examples of Gregor’s self-sacrificing attitude were given. Starting from the first day that Gregor realized he had transformed into a beetle, his main concern was for his family. Ever since his father’s business had gone bankrupt, Gregor supported his family financially. He hated his job as a traveling salesman, but he was willing to sacrifice his happiness so that his family was well taken care of. Gregor’s first obstacle to overcome was to get out of bed. Learning to adjust to his new body was difficult for him. Gregor Samsa Man who supported his family but mysteriously turned into a roach one day. Grete Samsa The sister of the roach man who fed and took care of the roach. Herr Samsa The father of the roach who had to return to work when his son couldnt. Frau Samsa The mother of the roach who had to return to work when her son couldnt. Minor Characters lodgers Disrespectful people that rented rooms in the Samsa flat. charwoman Cleaning lady who first found Gregor dead. Settings Gregors room Gregor is locked up here and not allowed to roam about around the other rooms of the house. Dining room The rest of the family spends most of its time here talking and eating. Plot The story begins with Gregor waking up in bed and finding out that hes just turned into a vermin, probably a roach. Despite his state, Gregor feels that he can still go to work. However, he proves unable to do this when he finds he has so much trouble getting out of bed and opening the door. Furthermore, no one can understand him. Gregors employer who had come to Gregors house to fetch him to work, leaves in a very nervous state and Gregor worries about losing his job. His family, however, cannot believe that the bug is Gregor and shoves him back into his room when Gregor tries to step out badly bruising Gregor. Gregor returns to his room and goes to sleep. The family is now faced with the problem of the lack of money since Gregor was the only member of the family that worked. Luckily, the father had saved some money which the family would be able to live off of for about a year. Also each member of the family got a job. Herr got a job at the bank, Frau got a job knitting lingerie, and Grete got a job as a store clerk. In the meantime, the only person who enters the room is Grete who comes by and feeds Gregor twice a day. After time, the maid was fired and a charwoman was hired to do the cleaning. Also, the Samsas took up three lodgers to help pay the rent on the flat. These lodgers, however, did not know about Gregor. One night after dinner, Grete began playing the violin which lured Gregor out into the dining room. The lodgers caught sight of him and Herr pushed them into their room out of sight of Gregor. The lodgers threatened to leave without paying. Gregor was pushed back into his own room. Early next morning, the charwoman came to clean and found Gregor dead in his room. She told the rest of the family. Herr ordered the lodgers out of his house. The entire family then wrote letters to their employers requesting a day off to relax. They then took a train trip where the Samsas realized that it was about time that Grete got married. Symbols hospital This symbolizes help which was so near for Gregor and yet so far. music This symbolizes the universal communication that Gregor could have had with his sister. lodgers This symbolizes the lack of control that the Samsa family had over their situation. Style Kafkas style is simple and matter of factly. The fact that Gregor turned into a bug did not seem to shock Gregor very much making this an interesting contrast to the families reaction. The omnipotent third person leaves some things out such how Gregor turned into a bug in order to keep the matter of fact style of the story. The Cuban Missle Crisis EssayDominant Philosophy Gregors state before he turned into a bug contrasts with the familys state after the got jobs and began working. This suggests the Kafka is trying to say that we shouldnt work like bugs for others leaving out time for ourselves as Gregor had but instead work for ourselves with pride and dignity as the family did at the end of the story. Quotes Page 538 As Gregor Samsa awake one morning from a troubled dream, he found himself changed in his bed to some monstrous kind of vermin. The narrator says this about how Gregor found out he was a bug. Page 539 The next train went at seven; to catch it he must hurry madly, and his collection of samples was not packed; The narrator says this describing how Gregor, despite being a bug, still wants to go to work. Page 577 Hes lying there, absolutely dead as a doornail. The charwoman says this to the .

The Automotive Industry in Emerging Markets

Introduction Automotive industry is rapidly growing due to increasing demand for new car models. Such a situation on the market has brought dramatic shift within the industry with the major multinationals, strategizing their businesses for the purposes of enhancing the market share and their global presence. Concurrently, there exists emerging markets for multinationals within developing countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Automotive Industry in Emerging Markets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is clear evidence that manufacturers nowadays try to improve sales rate of their automobiles, augmenting revenues, hence realizing their remarkable profitability (Norcliffe 2006, p. 56). Demand for automobiles has reached a high record within the international markets despite increased competition. This calls for enhancement of production processes through the use of cost effective concepts within supply c hain capable of meeting changing market demands. In the year 2009, automotive industries within the United States encountered one of the most detrimental crises in history. Statistics shows that varying changes on automotive sales have always occurred in the industry at different periods. Multinationals dominating the industry, such as General motors (GM), Ford, and Chrysler (the Detroit), had been gradually experiencing drastic drop in sales and market share until it became evident in late 2008 (Bennett, 2005). How might the governments in the developing and developed economies seek to impact the automotive industry? The effect of 2008/2009 recession was felt globally due to globalized financial sector as well as strong international linkages (Van Biesebroeck Sturgeon 2010). The effects were severe on global value chains leading to reduced demands for automobiles in the United States as well as in Europe. This directly affected developing economies based on various linkages throug h production steps. The crisis forced Western governments to seek for solution within the financial sector (Van Biesebroeck Sturgeon 2010). There were cases of propping up firms from manufacturing sector for the purposes of avoiding large-scale bankruptcies (Van Biesebroeck, Sturgeon 2010). The program included many automotive firms, which were to be protected from sinking through cash infusions, subsidies as well as cheap credit. Foreign direct investments within developing countries were first exported back to developed countries (Van Biesebroeck Sturgeon 2010). However, the situation changed when local markets were also considered. In case such kind of global value chain is taken into consideration, innovation and design functions usually remain within industrial countries and developing world used for production purposes. Within such scenarios, firms from developing nations can utilize the opportunity for purposes of upgrading their capabilities, while at the same time creati ng employment opportunities within automotive industry.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Political pressure within automotive industry pushed dealers to establish production close to the end markets. The fact that manufacturers are few, hence processes are globalized, contributes to the development and enhancement of just-in-time production as well as design processes. Due to the closeness between some developing and developed countries as well as well-arranged strong relationships between them, there can be supply of parts on a just-in-time basis, especially within regional trading blocs (Van Biesebroeck Sturgeon 2010). How might international bodies, such as the WTO, directly or indirectly seek to impact the automotive industry? International bodies assist through provision of legislative trade laws and policies capable of regulating market forces and trends. Concept of fr ee trade plays a major role in developing world trade policies as well as it is considered a part of globalization since it ensures fairness in international trade based on considerable principles of agreements. The concept entails removal of most trade barriers within international market for the benefit of global and domestic consumers. There is provision on Fair pricing meant for equal distribution and provision of goods and services, hence enabling consumers to gain access to sensitive and vital goods. Free trade agreements are usually signed after long negotiation processes between countries. Such negotiations lead to the opening of markets which could not be previously accessed by companies from certain countries. Trade agreements and policies bring the possibility of operating within the global markets. This goal is achieved because free trade agreements have the capacity of directly influencing company’s export costs, which eventually determine prices charged within t hese foreign markets (Carbaugh, 2004). Policies on Fair trade entail trading goods and services with aim of creating equity and partnership within automotive global market system. Besides designers and producers running business for money, the commitment part of the whole process is not ignored, hence committed to operate under long-term contracts for the future benefit of businesses and entire society. Those involved in Fair trade dealings are characterized as small cooperatives of workers using environmentally friendly methods for the purposes of sustainability. Standards and conditions within fair trade entail various human aspects within society; hence any form of forced labour is not practiced. In such circumstances, producers are expected to sign up and be accountable for the quality and nature of models supplied to the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Automotive Industry in Emerging Markets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/p age Learn More Basically, fair trade operates on principles of agreement where there is guarantee of minimum price for traded commodities. This is done for the purposes of paying workers in developing countries more than their expected earnings are. International trade is capable of developing country’s economy and normally restricted to the exchange of goods and services. There are a number of drivers believed to be behind the increasing improvement in international trade and marketing. Increase in customer base and market share presents one of the main potential drivers and helps in eliminating over-reliance on single market. Reduced cost is also considered a key driver of increased international marketing, this makes organizations access cheap resources and labor within developing nations. Reduced costs enable marketers to dispose their products at lower prices, encouraging those with disposable income from various markets to buy more goods and services. Imp rovement in communications technology is also another driver of international trade. Technological changes, such as use of internet and mobile phones, have opened up new international sectors and allowed easy coordination of international marketing campaigns from domestic base (Carbaugh, 2004). International marketing provides increased customer base to organizations, allowing them to raise the sales of their products and services. This assists in increasing organization’s profitability levels and at the same time contributes to enhancement of living standards and rates of employment within developing countries. Wide customer base provides options to marketers, hence reducing the risks associated with focusing on one market. Companies with globally recognized brand have limitless opportunities within the foreign markets; they have the ability to capture customer loyalty since consumers are normally attached to brands they can trust and clearly recognize. Development of custom er networks within foreign supply chains enables easy negotiation for better deals (Carbaugh, 2004). Evaluate the strategic options open to large motor manufacturers regarding their international operations Limited options exist for policy makers within automotive industry. There is much political opposition to large-scale manufacturers of vehicles, and at the same time, there exists high minimum efficient scale within production lines. Due to these aspects, the size of the local markets determines the rate of growth as well as potentiality of the industry. Players in the automotive industry enjoy growing possibility of leveraging the newly opened global supply base which encourages both the local and the international competition (Van Biesebroeck Sturgeon 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yanfeng has the capability of developing and marketing its line of branded vehicles within the shortest time possible by involving its expertise in dealing with the first-tier suppliers within China’s as well as western market. Winning new contracts with multinational assemblers would require such companies as Yanfeng to construct manufacturing firms near the main design centers (Sturgeon Van Biesebroeck, 2009). There is a notable shift of motor vehicle markets from the developed to developing world, in terms of enhancing production and design processes (Van Biesebroeck Sturgeon 2010). Automotive industry in Shaghai is identified with probably few design centers, currently filled by Chinese firms. Companies require change inmarketing strategies in case of economic crisis. This usually targets all the elements of the marketing mix which include product, price, place and promotion. Companies, such as Yanfeng should focus on concentrating resources in markets where their prese nce is so much felt. International market provides the best alternative environments for the firms experiencing domestic recession. In such cases, automotive companies are obliged to call back all weak designs from both the domestic and the international markets, hence concentrating on reinforcing appealing qualities, such as durability and functionality. Focus should be shifted towards promotion element of the marketing mix which incorporates such factors as promotional and advertising budgets, use of media services, public relations and after-sales service. It is also important to focus on product strategy whereby technological innovations on new product, range of design, quality of automobiles and marketing expenditures are considered general marketing strategies (Calof, 1994). Profitability of automotive companies within international market is not directly linked to marketing strategy used within areas of concentration. Diversification of automotive businesses shows no direct r elationship with other performance-based variables within the market. However, strong relationship exists between entering foreign markets, average performance, sales and market share. Implementing firm’s strength on foreign markets results in increased sales and market share but has less effect on the level of net profit. The only activity with the ability to improve net profit is to increase the level of marketing expenditure (Cameron and Green, 2009). What are some of the positive and negative implications of the strategies and policies you have identified? Market for motor vehicles as well as its production and design process is currently shifting to the developing world because automotive companies have realised perpetual increase in demand for cost effective vehicles based on fuel consumption, performance, and also environmental sensitivity. However, some special marketing strategies should be adopted, established and ratified by automotive multinationals for the purpos es of capturing as well as retaining potential clients within emerging markets. Such strategies incorporate production of cost effective vehicles as well as making intensive promotions capable of extensively satisfying consumer needs. Automotive industry is considered one of the most competitive industries targeting high-end consumers. International trade policies referred to the creation of free trade between regions have encouraged emergence of new manufactures, distributors, and rich product portfolio. Such policies on exchange rates are crucial in the process of developing appropriate business models within defined market environments. This ensures that firms remain competitive and relevant. However, most of the multinationals like General Motors, Nissan, Peugeot, Toyota, Mitsubishi, and others formulate appropriate business strategies for the purposes of enhancing competitiveness, market visibility, and customer services (Appiah-Adu 1998, p. 118). Trade policies further enable exchange of goods and services within the international market. The process ensures efficiency in marketing of goods and services beyond organizational and domestic boundaries. Despite all these, automotive companies should learn considerable avenues which can enable full utilization of opportunities within foreign markets, and this ensures increase in the level of global competitiveness (World Investment Report, 2006). Policies within International market are usually totally different from those within domestic markets. Such environments can be differentiated based on market sizes, buyer behavior as well as marketing practices. International marketer grants careful evaluation of the market trends based on the nature of market segments within areas of target. Business operations within international markets always have either positive or negative effects on company’s operations and management. This requires development of crucial decisions made by firms. Operational tactics w ithin international market environment depends on several factors, such as deliberate policy decision, reaction to specific business opportunities, economic trends, political stability as well as competitive reasons, among others (Evenett et al., 2009). Investors within automotive industry are currently not excited about pricing techniques used, despite the growth experienced in the industry. This could be attributed to the availability of variety of financial products within the market, such as ETFs. Automotive products’ value has continued to soar despite price increase and increase in the number of players. Investors opt to use alternative financial products to make purchases. Since various companies have faced credit crisis over the years, the workers are now demanding for higher wages and better working conditions. Reference List Appiah-Adu, K 1998, ‘Marketing in emerging countries: Evidence from a liberalized economy’, Journal of Marketing Practice, vol. 4 no. 4, pp. 118-129. Bennett, R 2005, â€Å"Marketing policies of companies in a cyclical sector: an empirical study of the construction industry in the United Kingdom†, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 118-26. Calof, JL 1994, ‘The relationship between firm size and export behavior revisited’, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 25, no. 2, pp.367–387. Cameron, E Green, M 2009, Making Sense of Change Management: A Complete Guide to the Models, Tools Techniques of Organizational Change, Kogan Page, London, UK. Evenett, J, Hoekman, B Cattaneo, O 2009, Effective Crisis Response and Openness: Implications for the Trading System, Centre for Economic Policy Research, London. Web. Norcliffe, M 2006, The automotive industry in emerging markets China’s automotive industry, GMB, London, UK. Sturgeon, T Van Biesebroeck, J 2009, â€Å"Crisis and protection in the automotive industry: a global value chain perspectiveà ¢â‚¬ , Policy Research Working Paper 5060, pp. 1-26. Van Biesebroeck, J Sturgeon, TJ 2010, â€Å"The automotive industry in developing countriesâ€Å", VoxEU. Web. World Investment Report (WIR) 2006, FDI from Developing and Transition Economies: Implications for Development, United Nations Publication, New York, NY. Web. 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